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Click on any Banner below to go to a General Bibliography of the philosophy, tool of philosophy or philosophers involved.
Each represents an encyclopedia version of common history regarding theories and theorists, thanks to Wikipedia
Criticism from an Idealist/Figmentalist point of view is being supplied for each page.

Idealism is the doctrine that ideas, or thought, make up either the whole or an indispensable aspect of any full reality.
Criticism is supplied by a variety of historic philosophers.

Epistemology or theory of knowledge is the branch of philosophy that studies the nature, methods, 
limitations, and validity of knowledge and belief.
Theory of justification is a part of epistemology that attempts to understand the justification of propositions and beliefs.

Foundationalism is any theory in epistemology (typically, theories of justification, but also of knowledge).
Empiricism is a theory of knowledge emphasizing the role of experience, especially sensory perception.

Ontology is a study of conceptions of reality and the nature of being.
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that investigates principles of reality transcending those of any particular science.

Logic (from Classical Greek logos; meaning word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason, or principle).
Reality, in everyday usage, means "the state of things as they actually exist." 
The term reality, in its widest sense, includes everything that is, whether or not it is observable or comprehensible.

Most of the thinkers who describe themselves as pragmatists consider practical consequences or real effects 
to be vital components of both meaning and truth.
In philosophy, mechanism is a theory that all natural phenomena can be explained by physical causes.

Existentialism is a philosophical movement which claims that individual human beings create the meanings and 
essence of their own lives.
Advaita Vedanta is a sub-school of the Vedanta (literally, end or the goal of the Vedas, Sanskrit) school of Hindu philosophy.